per-point stimulus switching: host side

Матрица 4x4 за одну развёртку: каждый порт мастера измеряется на каждой частоте
дважды, с двумя положениями выходного ключа. Ключ дёргает контроллер в
триггерной петле, поэтому расбери переключателями больше не управляет —
SwitchedMatrixRadarService уходит из тракта, все 16 комбинаций снимаются в
пределах одной точки вместо разброса между тремя развёртками.

Выходы нумеруются позиция-мажорно, стадии порт-мажорно (старшие биты счётчика
стадий выбирают порт, младший — положение ключа). Из этого следует, что
положение ключа = младший бит номера стадии, а период 2 нацело делит 4 стадии —
поэтому контроллеру достаточно инвертировать ногу на каждый цикл триггера, без
абсолютного счётчика. Выходы 0 и 1 при этом сохраняют прежний смысл.

Приёмники слейвов пронумерованы от числа выходов + 1, а не от фиксированного 3:
иначе при 4 выходах прямой член «приёмник 3 <- выход 3» назывался бы так же, как
отражение выхода 3. При двух выходах даёт прежние порты 3..6.

Слейвам порт-стадии выставляются в 7: стоковый приём «одна за последней стадией»
перестаёт работать, когда порт выбирается старшими битами.

Всё за флагом multi_device.stimulus_switch_positions (1 = прежнее поведение,
байт в байт). Спецификация правок FPGA/STM в device_firmware/per_point_switching.md.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5 (1M context) <noreply@anthropic.com>

device_firmware/per_point_switching.md

@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+# Переключение стимула внутри частотной точки
+
+Режим, в котором одна развёртка даёт матрицу 4×4 вместо 2×4: каждый порт мастера
+измеряется на **каждой** частоте дважды — с двумя положениями выходного ключа.
+
+```
+4 выхода = 2 порта мастера × 2 положения ключа
+4 входа  = 2 слейва × 2 порта (входной ключ не участвует)
+```
+
+Выигрыш не в скорости (стадий столько же, сколько было развёрток), а в
+когерентности: все 16 комбинаций снимаются в пределах ~0.4 мс на одной частоте
+вместо разброса в сотни миллисекунд между развёртками.
+
+## Раскладка стадий
+
+| Стадия | Порт мастера | Ключ | Выход |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| 0 | 1 | A | 0 |
+| 1 | 1 | B | 2 |
+| 2 | 2 | A | 1 |
+| 3 | 2 | B | 3 |
+
+Стадии нумеруются **порт-мажорно**: старшие биты счётчика стадий выбирают порт,
+младший — положение ключа. Выходы нумеруются **позиция-мажорно**, поэтому выходы
+0 и 1 сохраняют тот же смысл, что и без переключения.
+
+Из этого следует главное свойство: **положение ключа — это младший бит номера
+стадии**, а период 2 нацело делит 4 стадии. Значит через границу точки чередование
+продолжается без разрыва, и контроллеру достаточно инвертировать ногу на каждый
+цикл триггера — абсолютный счётчик стадий не нужен, нужна только правильная
+чётность, и та только один раз на старте развёртки.
+
+## Контракт по проводу
+
+Хост уже отправляет это (см. `build_sweep_settings_payload`), прошивка должна
+считать. Слово стадий в `SweepSettings` (16 бит, смещение 25 в payload):
+
+| Биты | Поле | Значение в этом режиме |
+|---|---|---|
+| 0..2 | `stages` | 3 (то есть 4 стадии) |
+| 3..5 | `port1Stage` | 0 — **индекс порта**, а не номер стадии |
+| 6..8 | `port2Stage` | 1 |
+| 9..11 | `port3Stage` → ширина под-стадии | `log2(положений ключа)` = 1 |
+| 12..14 | `port4Stage` | не используется |
+| 15 | `unused2` | не используется |
+
+Поле `port3Stage` переиспользовано под ширину блока под-стадий: двухпортовая
+прошивка его игнорирует, поэтому формат пакета не меняется. **Ноль там —
+стоковая раскладка**, так что хост с `stimulus_switch_positions = 1` остаётся
+полностью совместим с немодифицированным прибором.
+
+Слейвам обе порт-стадии выставляются в **7**. Стоковый приём «одна за последней
+стадией» здесь не работает: при 4 стадиях старшие биты счётчика принимают только
+значения 0 и 1, свободного значения не остаётся, и слейв начал бы излучать.
+
+## FPGA мастера
+
+### `Sweep.vhd`
+
+Сейчас порт включается по точному совпадению, поэтому излучает ровно в одной
+стадии, и во второй под-стадии зондирующего сигнала просто не будет:
+
+```vhdl
+if std_logic_vector(stage_cnt) = PORT1_STAGE then
+```
+
+Меняется на сравнение по старшим битам плюс явное «порт выключен». Сдвиг на
+переменное число бит синтезируется в трёхбитный barrel shifter:
+
+```vhdl
+-- в entity
+SUBSTAGE_BITS : in STD_LOGIC_VECTOR (2 downto 0);
+
+-- в architecture
+signal substage_shift : natural range 0 to 7;
+substage_shift <= to_integer(unsigned(SUBSTAGE_BITS));
+
+-- в состоянии Settling, вместо каждой из двух проверок:
+if unsigned(PORT1_STAGE) <= unsigned(STAGES)
+   and shift_right(stage_cnt, substage_shift) = unsigned(PORT1_STAGE) then
+    PORT1_ACTIVE  <= '1';
+    source_active <= '1';
+else
+    PORT1_ACTIVE <= '0';
+end if;
+```
+
+Проверка совместимости:
+
+* `SUBSTAGE_BITS = 0`, `STAGES = 1`, порты 0 и 1 — сдвиг нулевой, сравнение
+  вырождается в исходное. Стоковое поведение сохраняется бит в бит.
+* Слейв с `port_stage = 7`: `7 <= 1` ложно → порт выключен. Старый хост слал 2 —
+  `2 <= 1` тоже ложно, так что новый битстрим работает и со старым хостом.
+* `SUBSTAGE_BITS = 1`, `STAGES = 3`: порт 0 активен в стадиях 0 и 1, порт 1 — в
+  2 и 3.
+
+### `SPIConfig.vhd`
+
+В регистре `SweepSetup` (адрес 6) заняты биты 15:13, 12, 5:3 и 2:0 — **биты 11:6
+свободны**. Берём три из них:
+
+```vhdl
+when 6 => STAGES        <= spi_buf_out(15 downto 13);
+          SYNC_ENABLED  <= spi_buf_out(12);
+          SUBSTAGE_BITS <= spi_buf_out(8 downto 6);   -- новое
+          PORT1_STAGE   <= spi_buf_out(5 downto 3);
+          PORT2_STAGE   <= spi_buf_out(2 downto 0);
+```
+
+### `top.vhd`
+
+Пробросить `SUBSTAGE_BITS` от `SPIConfig` к `Sweep` — новый сигнал рядом с
+`sweep_stages` / `sweep_port1_stage`.
+
+## Прошивка STM32 LibreVNA
+
+Для самих стадий менять нечего: `stageCnt` уже считается до `settings.stages`,
+значения тегируются номером стадии, `VNADatapoint<32>` вмещает 4 стадии × 3
+значения. Нужно только протащить новое поле:
+
+```c
+// FPGA.cpp
+void FPGA::SetupSweep(uint8_t stages, uint8_t port1_stage, uint8_t port2_stage,
+                      uint8_t substage_bits, bool synchronize, bool syncMaster) {
+    ...
+    value |= (uint16_t) (substage_bits & 0x07) << 6;
+
+// VNA.cpp
+FPGA::SetupSweep(s.stages, s.port1Stage, s.port2Stage, s.port3Stage,
+                 s.syncMode != 0, s.syncMaster);
+```
+
+Собирать так же, как описано в [`reproduce/README.md`](multi_libreVNA_firmware/reproduce/README.md).
+Отдельно: битстрим мастера единственный в своём роде, `top.bin` перезаписывается
+каждой сборкой ISE — переименовывать сразу.
+
+## Контроллер ключа (отдельный STM32)
+
+Врезается в триггерную петлю между `TRIGGER_OUT` мастера и `TRIGGER_IN` слейва.
+Электрически это чисто: в режиме `Mode::Trigger` прошивка LibreVNA уводит STM32
+прибора в Hi-Z на обеих линиях (`GPIO_MODE_INPUT`, `NOPULL`, EXTI снят), так что
+обе линии свободны.
+
+Три требования:
+
+1. **Прозрачный повторитель обоих фронтов.** Задержка суб-микросекундная
+   (bare-metal EXTI), иначе она добавляется к каждой из 4 стадий каждой точки.
+2. **Ключ переключается по СПАДУ**, а не по фронту. Спад означает «оцифровка
+   стадии закончилась»; дальше идёт `SamplingDone` → `Settling` следующей стадии,
+   то есть окно успокоения. При `dwell_us = 2` и штатной задержке PLL это окно
+   ~62 мкс — запас огромный. Переключение по фронту заставило бы удерживать
+   кольцо на время установления ключа.
+3. **Одна нога на два ключа.** Ключи на порту 1 и на порту 2 ходят синхронно;
+   нужное положение — просто инверсия на каждом цикле триггера.
+
+Чётность привязывается к началу развёртки. Между развёртками FPGA держится в
+сбросе (`StartSweep` = снять и поднять AUX3), а хост успевает получить пакет
+статуса, поэтому пауза на линии триггера на порядок длиннее межстадийной
+(~100 мкс против ≥1 мс — померить осциллографом и взять порог посередине). Если
+есть физический доступ к AUX3 мастера (нога FPGA P74) — лучше завести её на
+контроллер как точный маркер вместо порога по паузе.
+
+Сбой чётности меняет местами антенны 0↔2 и 1↔3 **молча**, поэтому стоит вывести
+текущее положение ключа на отладочную ногу для сверки осциллографом.
+
+## Хост
+
+Уже сделано. Включается одним полем в `run_config.json`:
+
+```json
+"multi_device": { "stimulus_switch_positions": 2 },
+"sweep": { "dwell_us": 2 }
+```
+
+При этом расбери **перестаёт трогать ключ**: `SwitchedMatrixRadarService` уходит
+из тракта, матрица 4×4 собирается за одну развёртку. `stimulus_switch_positions:
+1` возвращает всё в прежний режим.

python_app/hardware_full/librevna_multi_device_driver/controller.py

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.models import (
     SweepConfiguration,
     SweepMeasurementResult,
     normalize_master_stimulus_ports,
+    normalize_switch_substage_count,
 )
 from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.protocol import (
     PacketType,
@@ -36,13 +37,21 @@ class MultiDeviceVnaController:
         master_serial_number: str,
         slave_serial_numbers: Sequence[str] = (),
         force_external_reference: bool = True,
+        switch_substage_count: int = 1,
     ) -> None:
-        """Open all configured devices and initialize controller state."""
+        """Open all configured devices and initialize controller state.
+
+        ``switch_substage_count`` is a property of the wiring, not of a sweep: it is
+        how many positions the stimulus switch is stepped through WITHIN one frequency
+        point. ``1`` is the stock behaviour; anything larger needs the modified master
+        bitstream and the switch controller sitting in the trigger loop.
+        """
         self._master_device: LibreVnaUsbBulkConnection | None = None
         self._slave_devices: list[LibreVnaUsbBulkConnection] = []
         self._all_devices: list[LibreVnaUsbBulkConnection] = []
         self._synchronization_enabled = bool(slave_serial_numbers)
         self._force_external_reference = bool(force_external_reference)
+        self._switch_substage_count = normalize_switch_substage_count(switch_substage_count)
         self._reference_configuration_applied = False
         self._last_applied_sweep_configuration: Optional[SweepConfiguration] = None
         self._last_master_stimulus_ports: tuple[int, ...] | None = None
@@ -194,6 +203,7 @@ class MultiDeviceVnaController:
                 active_sweep_configuration=self._last_applied_sweep_configuration,
                 cycle_count=cycle_count,
                 master_stimulus_ports=self._last_master_stimulus_ports,
+                switch_substage_count=self._switch_substage_count,
                 datapoint_timeout_seconds=datapoint_timeout_seconds,
             )
         except Exception:
@@ -332,6 +342,7 @@ class MultiDeviceVnaController:
                     is_synchronization_master=is_synchronization_master,
                     synchronization_enabled=self._synchronization_enabled,
                     master_stimulus_ports=master_stimulus_ports,
+                    switch_substage_count=self._switch_substage_count,
                 ),
                 timeout_seconds=1.0,
                 retry_count=1,

python_app/hardware_full/librevna_multi_device_driver/cycle_collection.py

@@ -14,8 +14,10 @@ from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.exceptions import (
     TransientCollectionError,
 )
 from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.models import (
+    OutputChannel,
     SweepConfiguration,
     SweepMeasurementResult,
+    build_output_channels,
     normalize_master_stimulus_ports,
 )
 from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.protocol import (
@@ -173,6 +175,7 @@ def collect_complete_running_sweep_cycles(
     active_sweep_configuration: SweepConfiguration,
     cycle_count: int,
     master_stimulus_ports: Sequence[int],
+    switch_substage_count: int = 1,
     datapoint_timeout_seconds: float | None = None,
 ) -> SweepMeasurementResult:
     """Collect complete cycles from an already-running synchronized sweep."""
@@ -180,7 +183,9 @@ def collect_complete_running_sweep_cycles(
     if cycle_count < 1:
         raise ValueError("cycle_count must be >= 1")
     stimulus_ports = normalize_master_stimulus_ports(master_stimulus_ports)
-    stage_by_master_port = {port: stage for stage, port in enumerate(stimulus_ports)}
+    # One output per (master port, stimulus switch position). With no per-point
+    # switching this is one output per port, exactly as before.
+    output_channels = build_output_channels(stimulus_ports, switch_substage_count)
 
     all_device_connections = [master_device_connection, *slave_device_connections]
     point_count = active_sweep_configuration.points
@@ -197,13 +202,18 @@ def collect_complete_running_sweep_cycles(
         )
     else:
         frequencies_hz = np.array([float(active_sweep_configuration.start_hz)], dtype=np.float64)
-    master_reference_measurements_by_port = {
+    # Keyed by 1-based OUTPUT number, not by master port: with per-point switching two
-        port: np.full((cycle_count, point_count), np.nan + 1j * np.nan, dtype=complex)
+    # outputs share a stimulus port but are measured in different stages, so each needs
-        for port in stimulus_ports
+    # its own incident reference.
+    master_reference_measurements_by_output = {
+        channel.number: np.full((cycle_count, point_count), np.nan + 1j * np.nan, dtype=complex)
+        for channel in output_channels
     }
     raw_receiver_measurements_by_s_parameter = {
         name: np.full((cycle_count, point_count), np.nan + 1j * np.nan, dtype=complex)
-        for name in build_forward_s_parameter_names(len(slave_device_connections), stimulus_ports)
+        for name in build_forward_s_parameter_names(
+            len(slave_device_connections), output_channels
+        )
     }
 
     collection_errors: list[Exception] = []
@@ -250,7 +260,7 @@ def collect_complete_running_sweep_cycles(
     # ~150 ms sweep; this estimates 30 ms, tolerance 15 ms, so an off-by-one of
     # ~150 ms is flagged with ~10x margin and ~1 ms jitter clears it with ~7x.)
     # A spread above tolerance is rejected and retried, never silently emitted.
-    stage_count = max(1, len(stimulus_ports))
+    stage_count = max(1, len(output_channels))
     expected_cycle_seconds = _expected_sweep_cycle_seconds(
         point_count, stage_count, active_sweep_configuration.if_bandwidth
     )
@@ -541,41 +551,41 @@ def collect_complete_running_sweep_cycles(
     def handle_master_datapoint(parsed_datapoint: ParsedVnaDatapoint, cycle_index: int) -> None:
         """Store the master device's frequency, reference, and reflection values.
 
-        Records the sweep-point frequency and, per active master stimulus port, the
+        Records the sweep-point frequency and, per output channel, the reference
-        reference receiver value and the matching reflection (S11/S22) into the
+        receiver value and the matching reflection into the cycle/point measurement
-        cycle/point measurement buffers.
+        buffers. Two outputs may share a stimulus port (different switch positions);
+        they are told apart by the stage tag.
         """
         point_index = parsed_datapoint.point_index
         frequencies_hz[point_index] = parsed_datapoint.frequency_hz
 
-        for master_stimulus_port, stage_index in stage_by_master_port.items():
+        for channel in output_channels:
             reference_receiver_value = find_receiver_value(
                 parsed_datapoint.receiver_values_by_description_mask,
-                stage_index=stage_index,
+                stage_index=channel.stage_index,
                 is_reference_receiver=True,
-                required_port_number=master_stimulus_port,
+                required_port_number=channel.stimulus_port,
             )
             if reference_receiver_value is None:
                 reference_receiver_value = find_receiver_value(
                     parsed_datapoint.receiver_values_by_description_mask,
-                    stage_index=stage_index,
+                    stage_index=channel.stage_index,
                     is_reference_receiver=True,
                 )
             if reference_receiver_value is None:
                 continue
 
-            master_reference_measurements_by_port[master_stimulus_port][
+            master_reference_measurements_by_output[channel.number][
                 cycle_index,
                 point_index,
             ] = reference_receiver_value
 
-            receiver_port_number = master_stimulus_port
+            s_parameter_name = master_reflection_s_parameter_name(channel)
-            s_parameter_name = master_reflection_s_parameter_name(master_stimulus_port)
             port_receiver_value = find_receiver_value(
                 parsed_datapoint.receiver_values_by_description_mask,
-                stage_index=stage_index,
+                stage_index=channel.stage_index,
                 is_reference_receiver=False,
-                required_port_number=receiver_port_number,
+                required_port_number=channel.stimulus_port,
             )
             if port_receiver_value is not None:
                 raw_receiver_measurements_by_s_parameter[s_parameter_name][
@@ -588,25 +598,25 @@ def collect_complete_running_sweep_cycles(
     ) -> Callable[[ParsedVnaDatapoint], bool]:
         """Build a cycle-tracking datapoint handler for the given slave device.
 
-        The slave's two receivers map to ports ``2*slave_index + 3`` and ``+ 4``,
+        The slave's two receivers map to the virtual receiver ports numbered just
-        producing forward S-parameters (e.g. S3x/S4x) for each active master
+        above the outputs (see :func:`slave_receiver_base_port`), producing one
-        stimulus port.
+        forward S-parameter per output channel.
         """
-        receiver_base_port = 2 * slave_index + 3
+        receiver_base_port = slave_receiver_base_port(slave_index, output_channels)
 
         def handle_slave_datapoint(parsed_datapoint: ParsedVnaDatapoint, cycle_index: int) -> None:
             """Store this slave's forward receiver values into the measurement buffers."""
             point_index = parsed_datapoint.point_index
-            for master_stimulus_port, stage_index in stage_by_master_port.items():
+            for channel in output_channels:
-                first_s_parameter_name = f"S{receiver_base_port}{master_stimulus_port}"
+                first_s_parameter_name = f"S{receiver_base_port}{channel.number}"
-                second_s_parameter_name = f"S{receiver_base_port + 1}{master_stimulus_port}"
+                second_s_parameter_name = f"S{receiver_base_port + 1}{channel.number}"
                 for receiver_port_number, s_parameter_name in (
                     (1, first_s_parameter_name),
                     (2, second_s_parameter_name),
                 ):
                     port_receiver_value = find_receiver_value(
                         parsed_datapoint.receiver_values_by_description_mask,
-                        stage_index=stage_index,
+                        stage_index=channel.stage_index,
                         is_reference_receiver=False,
                         required_port_number=receiver_port_number,
                     )
@@ -729,29 +739,42 @@ def collect_complete_running_sweep_cycles(
         frequencies_hz=frequencies_hz,
         s_parameters=calculate_last_cycle_s_parameters(
             raw_receiver_measurements_by_s_parameter,
-            master_reference_measurements_by_port,
+            master_reference_measurements_by_output,
         ),
     )
 
 
-def master_reflection_s_parameter_name(master_stimulus_port: int) -> str:
+def slave_receiver_base_port(slave_index: int, output_channels: Sequence[OutputChannel]) -> int:
-    """Return master reflection trace name for active output port."""
+    """Return the first virtual receiver port number of one slave device.
-    if master_stimulus_port == 1:
+
-        return "S11"
+    Receivers are numbered directly above the outputs, so the whole topology reads
-    return "S22"
+    as one virtual VNA whose first ``N`` ports transmit and whose remaining ports
+    receive. Numbering them from a fixed 3 instead would make a 4-output setup
+    collide with itself: the reflection of output 3 and the forward term
+    ``receiver 3 <- output 3`` would both be called ``S33``. With two outputs this
+    still yields the historical ports 3..6.
+    """
+    return len(output_channels) + 2 * slave_index + 1
 
 
-def build_forward_s_parameter_names(slave_device_count: int, master_stimulus_ports: Sequence[int]) -> list[str]:
+def master_reflection_s_parameter_name(channel: OutputChannel) -> str:
+    """Return the reflection trace name for one output channel (``S11``, ``S22``, ...)."""
+    return f"S{channel.number}{channel.number}"
+
+
+def build_forward_s_parameter_names(
+    slave_device_count: int, output_channels: Sequence[OutputChannel]
+) -> list[str]:
     """Return S-parameter names for the configured forward multi-device topology."""
     names: list[str] = []
-    for master_stimulus_port in master_stimulus_ports:
+    for channel in output_channels:
-        names.append(master_reflection_s_parameter_name(master_stimulus_port))
+        names.append(master_reflection_s_parameter_name(channel))
         for slave_index in range(slave_device_count):
-            receiver_base_port = 2 * slave_index + 3
+            receiver_base_port = slave_receiver_base_port(slave_index, output_channels)
             names.extend(
                 [
-                    f"S{receiver_base_port}{master_stimulus_port}",
+                    f"S{receiver_base_port}{channel.number}",
-                    f"S{receiver_base_port + 1}{master_stimulus_port}",
+                    f"S{receiver_base_port + 1}{channel.number}",
                 ]
             )
     return names
@@ -759,7 +782,7 @@ def build_forward_s_parameter_names(slave_device_count: int, master_stimulus_por
 
 def calculate_last_cycle_s_parameters(
     raw_receiver_measurements_by_s_parameter: dict[str, np.ndarray],
-    master_reference_measurements_by_port: dict[int, np.ndarray],
+    master_reference_measurements_by_output: dict[int, np.ndarray],
 ) -> dict[str, np.ndarray]:
     """Convert raw receiver captures from the final sweep cycle into S-parameters.
 
@@ -775,8 +798,10 @@ def calculate_last_cycle_s_parameters(
     zero_filled_points_by_trace: dict[str, int] = {}
     point_count = 0
     for s_parameter_name, raw_receiver_measurements in raw_receiver_measurements_by_s_parameter.items():
-        master_stimulus_port = int(s_parameter_name[-1])
+        # The trailing digit of every name is the 1-based OUTPUT number, which is what
-        master_reference_measurements = master_reference_measurements_by_port[master_stimulus_port]
+        # selects the incident reference (see build_forward_s_parameter_names).
+        output_number = int(s_parameter_name[-1])
+        master_reference_measurements = master_reference_measurements_by_output[output_number]
 
         last_cycle_reference = master_reference_measurements[-1]
         last_cycle_measurement = raw_receiver_measurements[-1]

python_app/hardware_full/librevna_multi_device_driver/models.py

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 import numpy as np
 
+# Hard ceiling from the wire format: SweepSettings.stages is 3 bits, so a point can
+# carry at most 8 stages (and one VNADatapoint holds 3 values per stage, well within
+# its 32-value capacity).
+MAX_SWEEP_STAGES = 8
+
 
 def normalize_master_stimulus_ports(master_stimulus_ports: Sequence[int]) -> tuple[int, ...]:
     """Validate master stimulus ports and return them as a tuple of ints.
@@ -25,6 +30,79 @@ def normalize_master_stimulus_ports(master_stimulus_ports: Sequence[int]) -> tup
     return stimulus_ports
 
 
+def normalize_switch_substage_count(switch_substage_count: int) -> int:
+    """Validate the per-point stimulus switch position count.
+
+    ``1`` means no per-point switching (one stage per master port, the stock
+    LibreVNA behaviour). Larger values require the modified master bitstream,
+    which keeps a port excited across a GROUP of stages instead of a single one.
+    The ceiling is the 3-bit ``stages`` field: ``ports * substages <= 8``.
+    """
+    substage_count = int(switch_substage_count)
+    if substage_count < 1:
+        raise ValueError("switch_substage_count must be >= 1")
+    if substage_count & (substage_count - 1):
+        # The master bitstream selects the port from the UPPER bits of the stage
+        # counter, so the substage block must be a power of two.
+        raise ValueError("switch_substage_count must be a power of two")
+    return substage_count
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
+class OutputChannel:
+    """One stimulus output of the widened matrix: a master port at a switch position.
+
+    ``index`` is the canonical output position used by the radar combo matrix,
+    ``stage_index`` is the tag the device stamps on every value of this channel
+    (``descr >> 5`` in the datapoint), and ``stimulus_port`` is the master port
+    that physically excites it.
+    """
+
+    index: int
+    stimulus_port: int
+    stage_index: int
+
+    @property
+    def number(self) -> int:
+        """Return the 1-based output number used in S-parameter names."""
+        return self.index + 1
+
+
+def build_output_channels(
+    master_stimulus_ports: Sequence[int], switch_substage_count: int = 1
+) -> tuple[OutputChannel, ...]:
+    """Map every (master port, switch position) pair to an output and a device stage.
+
+    Outputs are numbered switch-position-major, so positions of the FIRST switch
+    setting keep the output indices they have without per-point switching (with
+    ``switch_substage_count=1`` this is the identity). Stages are numbered
+    port-major, because the master bitstream takes the excited port from the upper
+    bits of the stage counter and the switch position from the lower bits — which
+    is also what makes the switch line a plain alternation the controller can drive
+    without tracking an absolute stage number.
+
+    This is the single source of truth shared by the protocol builder, the cycle
+    collector and the acquisition service, so the mapping cannot drift between them.
+    """
+    stimulus_ports = normalize_master_stimulus_ports(master_stimulus_ports)
+    substage_count = normalize_switch_substage_count(switch_substage_count)
+    stage_count = len(stimulus_ports) * substage_count
+    if stage_count > MAX_SWEEP_STAGES:
+        raise ValueError(
+            f"{len(stimulus_ports)} master port(s) x {substage_count} switch position(s) "
+            f"needs {stage_count} stages, but the device supports at most {MAX_SWEEP_STAGES}"
+        )
+    return tuple(
+        OutputChannel(
+            index=substage * len(stimulus_ports) + port_index,
+            stimulus_port=port,
+            stage_index=port_index * substage_count + substage,
+        )
+        for substage in range(substage_count)
+        for port_index, port in enumerate(stimulus_ports)
+    )
+
+
 @dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
 class SweepConfiguration:
     """User-facing configuration for one VNA sweep."""

python_app/hardware_full/librevna_multi_device_driver/protocol.py

@@ -8,7 +8,9 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 
 from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.models import (
     SweepConfiguration,
+    build_output_channels,
     normalize_master_stimulus_ports,
+    normalize_switch_substage_count,
 )
 
 
@@ -26,6 +28,13 @@ class PacketType:
 SYNC_MODE_HARDWARE_TRIGGER = 3
 FRAME_HEADER_MAGIC = 0x5A
 
+# Stage index handed to a device whose ports must never excite. The modified master
+# bitstream matches a port against the UPPER bits of the stage counter, so the stock
+# "one past the last stage" sentinel stops working once substages exist (with 4 stages
+# the upper bits only ever hold 0 or 1, leaving no free value). The bitstream instead
+# treats any port stage >= the stage count as "port disabled", and 7 is always >= it.
+DISABLED_PORT_STAGE = 7
+
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True, slots=True)
 class ParsedVnaDatapoint:
@@ -52,15 +61,31 @@ def build_sweep_settings_payload(
     is_synchronization_master: bool,
     synchronization_enabled: bool,
     master_stimulus_ports: Sequence[int],
+    switch_substage_count: int = 1,
 ) -> bytes:
-    """Build protocol-v14 SweepSettings for staged master outputs or synchronized receivers."""
+    """Build protocol-v14 SweepSettings for staged master outputs or synchronized receivers.
+
+    With ``switch_substage_count > 1`` every master port is excited across a BLOCK of
+    consecutive stages instead of a single one, so the same frequency point is measured
+    once per stimulus switch position. That requires the modified master bitstream: the
+    stock one matches ``stage_cnt`` against the port stage exactly, so a port excites in
+    exactly one stage and the extra substages would carry no stimulus.
+
+    The substage block width is sent as ``log2(switch_substage_count)`` in the otherwise
+    unused ``port3Stage`` field (bits 9..11 of the stage word) — it tells the bitstream
+    how many LOW bits of the stage counter are the switch position rather than the port
+    selector. Zero there is the stock layout, so this payload stays compatible with an
+    unmodified device as long as ``switch_substage_count`` is 1.
+    """
     stimulus_ports = normalize_master_stimulus_ports(master_stimulus_ports)
+    substage_count = normalize_switch_substage_count(switch_substage_count)
+    output_channels = build_output_channels(stimulus_ports, substage_count)
 
     excitation_power_centidecibels_milliwatt = int(round(sweep_configuration.power_dbm * 100.0))
     dwell_time_microseconds = max(0, min(int(sweep_configuration.dwell_us), 0xFFFF))
     synchronization_mode = SYNC_MODE_HARDWARE_TRIGGER if synchronization_enabled else 0
-    last_stage_index = len(stimulus_ports) - 1
+    last_stage_index = len(output_channels) - 1
-    inactive_stage_index = min(last_stage_index + 1, 7)
+    substage_bits = substage_count.bit_length() - 1
 
     configuration_bits = (
         0 << 0
@@ -72,17 +97,23 @@ def build_sweep_settings_payload(
     )
 
     if is_synchronization_master:
-        stage_by_port = {port: stage for stage, port in enumerate(stimulus_ports)}
+        # The port selector lives in the stage bits ABOVE the substage block, so the
-        port_1_stimulus_stage = stage_by_port.get(1, inactive_stage_index)
+        # value sent here is the port's index, not its first stage number.
-        port_2_stimulus_stage = stage_by_port.get(2, inactive_stage_index)
+        port_stage_by_port = {
+            port: index for index, port in enumerate(stimulus_ports)
+        }
+        port_1_stimulus_stage = port_stage_by_port.get(1, DISABLED_PORT_STAGE)
+        port_2_stimulus_stage = port_stage_by_port.get(2, DISABLED_PORT_STAGE)
     else:
-        port_1_stimulus_stage = inactive_stage_index
+        # Receiver-only devices must never excite.
-        port_2_stimulus_stage = inactive_stage_index
+        port_1_stimulus_stage = DISABLED_PORT_STAGE
+        port_2_stimulus_stage = DISABLED_PORT_STAGE
 
     stage_configuration_bits = (
         (last_stage_index & 0x07)
         | (port_1_stimulus_stage & 0x07) << 3
         | (port_2_stimulus_stage & 0x07) << 6
+        | (substage_bits & 0x07) << 9
     )
 
     return struct.pack(

python_app/hardware_full/matrix_radar_service.py

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ def create_matrix_radar_service(config: RunConfigModel) -> MatrixRadarService:
             force_external_reference=config.radar.multi_device.force_external_reference,
             recovery_attempts=config.radar.multi_device.recovery_attempts,
             backend_mode=config.radar.driver_mode,
+            switch_substage_count=config.matrix_stimulus_switch_positions,
         )
         out_physical = config.matrix_output_switch_positions
         in_physical = config.matrix_input_switch_positions
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ def create_matrix_radar_service(config: RunConfigModel) -> MatrixRadarService:
             inner=inner,
             output_switch=build_physical_switch(config.output_switch, out_physical, config.radar.driver_mode),
             input_switch=build_physical_switch(config.input_switch, in_physical, config.radar.driver_mode),
-            inner_output_positions=RunConfigModel.MULTI_DEVICE_OUTPUT_POSITIONS,
+            inner_output_positions=config.matrix_virtual_output_positions,
             inner_input_positions=RunConfigModel.MULTI_DEVICE_INPUT_POSITIONS,
             settling_ms=config.runtime.settling_ms,
         )

python_app/hardware_full/multi_device_service.py

@@ -13,7 +13,10 @@ import numpy as np
 
 from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.cycle_collection import LIBREVNA_NATIVE_SWEEP_TIMEOUT_SECONDS
 from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.exceptions import TransientCollectionError
-from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.models import SweepConfiguration
+from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.models import (
+    SweepConfiguration,
+    normalize_switch_substage_count,
+)
 from python_app.models.dataset_model import ComboKey, SweepCollection, TraceData
 from python_app.models.run_config_model import RadarSweepModel, RunConfigModel
 
@@ -43,10 +46,33 @@ _MAX_RECOVERY_WALL_SECONDS: float = 10.0
 # previously caused the periodic freeze.
 _MAX_TRANSIENT_COLLECTION_RETRIES: int = 2
 
-_INPUT_S_PARAMETERS_BY_OUTPUT: dict[int, tuple[str, ...]] = {
+def _build_s_parameter_layout(
-    0: ("s31", "s41", "s51", "s61"),
+    output_count: int, slave_count: int
-    1: ("s32", "s42", "s52", "s62"),
+) -> tuple[dict[int, tuple[str, ...]], dict[int, str]]:
-}
+    """Return the (forward, reflection) trace names for each output position.
+
+    Mirrors the naming in ``cycle_collection``: outputs are virtual ports 1..N and
+    the slaves' receivers are numbered directly above them, so a 2-output setup
+    keeps the historical ``s31``/``s41``/``s51``/``s61`` layout while a 4-output one
+    (per-point stimulus switching) shifts the receivers to ports 5..8 to stay
+    collision-free.
+    """
+    receiver_ports = [
+        output_count + 2 * slave_index + port_offset
+        for slave_index in range(slave_count)
+        for port_offset in (1, 2)
+    ]
+    forward_by_output = {
+        output_index: tuple(
+            f"s{receiver_port}{output_index + 1}" for receiver_port in receiver_ports
+        )
+        for output_index in range(output_count)
+    }
+    reflection_by_output = {
+        output_index: f"s{output_index + 1}{output_index + 1}"
+        for output_index in range(output_count)
+    }
+    return forward_by_output, reflection_by_output
 
 @dataclass(slots=True)
 class MultiDeviceLibreVnaService:
@@ -57,6 +83,10 @@ class MultiDeviceLibreVnaService:
     force_external_reference: bool = True
     recovery_attempts: int = 3
     backend_mode: str = "auto"
+    # Stimulus switch positions stepped through WITHIN one frequency point. 1 keeps the
+    # stock 2-output matrix; 2 doubles the outputs (4) without a second sweep, at the
+    # cost of requiring the modified master bitstream and the trigger-loop controller.
+    switch_substage_count: int = 1
     _controller: "MultiDeviceVnaController | None" = field(init=False, default=None, repr=False)
     _sweep_configuration: SweepConfiguration | None = field(init=False, default=None, repr=False)
     _using_mock_backend: bool = field(init=False, default=False, repr=False)
@@ -75,6 +105,12 @@ class MultiDeviceLibreVnaService:
             raise ValueError(f"Unsupported multi-device backend mode: {self.backend_mode}")
         self.backend_mode = mode
         self._using_mock_backend = mode == "mock"
+        self.switch_substage_count = normalize_switch_substage_count(self.switch_substage_count)
+
+    @property
+    def output_position_count(self) -> int:
+        """Return how many stimulus outputs one acquisition produces."""
+        return RunConfigModel.MULTI_DEVICE_MASTER_PORTS * self.switch_substage_count
 
     @property
     def using_mock_backend(self) -> bool:
@@ -92,6 +128,7 @@ class MultiDeviceLibreVnaService:
                 master_serial_number=self.master_serial,
                 slave_serial_numbers=self.slave_serials,
                 force_external_reference=self.force_external_reference,
+                switch_substage_count=self.switch_substage_count,
             )
             logger.info(
                 "Multi-device controller opened (master=%s, slaves=%s)",
@@ -198,6 +235,7 @@ class MultiDeviceLibreVnaService:
             points=int(sweep.points),
             if_bandwidth=int(round(float(sweep.if_bandwidth_hz))),
             power_dbm=float(sweep.power_dbm),
+            dwell_us=int(sweep.dwell_us),
         )
         logger.debug(
             "Multi-device configured: %s-%s Hz, %s points, IFBW=%s Hz, %s dBm",
@@ -347,14 +385,17 @@ class MultiDeviceLibreVnaService:
         }
         frequencies = np.asarray(result.frequencies_hz, dtype=np.float32)
 
+        forward_by_output, reflection_by_output = _build_s_parameter_layout(
+            self.output_position_count, len(self.slave_serials)
+        )
         traces: list[TraceData] = []
-        for output_pos in range(RunConfigModel.MULTI_DEVICE_OUTPUT_POSITIONS):
+        for output_pos in range(self.output_position_count):
             reflection = self._required_s_parameter(
                 normalized_s_parameters,
-                "s11" if output_pos == 0 else "s22",
+                reflection_by_output[output_pos],
             )
 
-            for input_pos, s_parameter_name in enumerate(_INPUT_S_PARAMETERS_BY_OUTPUT[output_pos]):
+            for input_pos, s_parameter_name in enumerate(forward_by_output[output_pos]):
                 traces.append(
                     TraceData(
                         combo=ComboKey(input=input_pos, output=output_pos),
@@ -388,7 +429,7 @@ class MultiDeviceLibreVnaService:
         )
         base_phase = 2.0 * math.pi * np.linspace(0.0, 1.0, points, dtype=np.float32) + self._mock_phase
         traces: list[TraceData] = []
-        for output_pos in range(RunConfigModel.MULTI_DEVICE_OUTPUT_POSITIONS):
+        for output_pos in range(self.output_position_count):
             reflected_phase = base_phase * (0.55 + 0.05 * output_pos) + 0.7 * (output_pos + 1)
             s11 = (
                 (0.22 + 0.04 * output_pos) * np.cos(reflected_phase)

python_app/models/run_config_codec.py

@@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ def run_config_from_dict(payload: dict[str, Any]) -> RunConfigModel:
         sweep_payload, "if_bandwidth_hz", model.radar.sweep.if_bandwidth_hz
     )
     model.radar.sweep.power_dbm = _read_float(sweep_payload, "stimulus_power_dbm", model.radar.sweep.power_dbm)
+    model.radar.sweep.dwell_us = _read_int(sweep_payload, "dwell_us", model.radar.sweep.dwell_us)
     slave_serials_payload = multi_device_payload.get(
         "slave_serials",
         multi_device_payload.get("slave_serial_numbers", model.radar.multi_device.slave_serials),
@@ -229,6 +230,11 @@ def run_config_from_dict(payload: dict[str, Any]) -> RunConfigModel:
            "input_switch_positions",
            model.radar.multi_device.input_switch_positions,
         )
+    model.radar.multi_device.stimulus_switch_positions = _read_int(
+        multi_device_payload,
+        "stimulus_switch_positions",
+        model.radar.multi_device.stimulus_switch_positions,
+    )
     model.radar.kamil_adc.project_dir = _read_str(
         kamil_adc_payload, "project_dir", model.radar.kamil_adc.project_dir
     )
@@ -491,6 +497,7 @@ def run_config_to_dict(model: RunConfigModel) -> dict[str, Any]:
         "stop_hz": model.radar.sweep.stop_hz,
         "if_bandwidth_hz": model.radar.sweep.if_bandwidth_hz,
         "stimulus_power_dbm": model.radar.sweep.power_dbm,
+        "dwell_us": model.radar.sweep.dwell_us,
     }
     if not model.is_kamil_adc:
         sweep_payload["points"] = model.radar.sweep.points
@@ -509,7 +516,8 @@ def run_config_to_dict(model: RunConfigModel) -> dict[str, Any]:
                 "force_external_reference": model.radar.multi_device.force_external_reference,
                 "recovery_attempts": model.radar.multi_device.recovery_attempts,
                 "output_switch_positions": model.radar.multi_device.output_switch_positions,
-                "input_switch_positions": model.radar.multi_device.input_switch_positions
+                "input_switch_positions": model.radar.multi_device.input_switch_positions,
+                "stimulus_switch_positions": model.radar.multi_device.stimulus_switch_positions
             },
             "kamil_adc": {
                 "project_dir": model.radar.kamil_adc.project_dir,

python_app/models/run_config_schema.py

@@ -31,6 +31,10 @@ class RadarSweepModel:
     points: int = 1
     if_bandwidth_hz: float = 1.0
     power_dbm: float = -30.0
+    # Extra per-stage settling requested from the device, on top of its own PLL
+    # settling delay (60 us by default). With per-point stimulus switching this is the
+    # window the switch controller has to move the switch between stages.
+    dwell_us: int = 0
 
 
 @dataclass(slots=True)
@@ -42,6 +46,10 @@ class RadarMultiDeviceModel:
     recovery_attempts: int = 3
     output_switch_positions: int = 1   # 1 = свитча нет
     input_switch_positions: int = 1    # 1 = свитча нет
+    # Positions of the stimulus switch stepped through WITHIN one frequency point,
+    # driven by the controller in the hardware trigger loop rather than by this host.
+    # 1 = выключено (стоковое поведение). Требует доработанного битстрима мастера.
+    stimulus_switch_positions: int = 1
 
 
 @dataclass(slots=True)
@@ -354,6 +362,10 @@ class RunConfigModel:
     SN9000_MODEL = "sn9000"
     MULTI_DEVICE_INPUT_POSITIONS = 4
     MULTI_DEVICE_OUTPUT_POSITIONS = 2
+    # Stimulus ports the master itself owns. The virtual output axis is this times the
+    # per-point stimulus switch positions, so it equals MULTI_DEVICE_OUTPUT_POSITIONS
+    # unless per-point switching is enabled.
+    MULTI_DEVICE_MASTER_PORTS = 2
 
     @staticmethod
     def build_full_combos(input_positions: int, output_positions: int) -> list[ComboModel]:
@@ -406,6 +418,25 @@ class RunConfigModel:
             return 1
         return max(1, int(self.radar.multi_device.input_switch_positions))
 
+    @property
+    def matrix_stimulus_switch_positions(self) -> int:
+        """Positions the stimulus switch steps through inside one frequency point."""
+        if not self.is_multi_device:
+            return 1
+        return max(1, int(self.radar.multi_device.stimulus_switch_positions))
+
+    @property
+    def matrix_virtual_output_positions(self) -> int:
+        """Virtual output axis size produced by one acquisition.
+
+        Per-point stimulus switching multiplies the master's own ports, because each
+        port is measured once per switch position at every frequency — so those extra
+        outputs cost no extra sweep and are NOT driven by this host.
+        """
+        if not self.is_multi_device:
+            return self.MULTI_DEVICE_OUTPUT_POSITIONS
+        return self.MULTI_DEVICE_MASTER_PORTS * self.matrix_stimulus_switch_positions
+
     def build_runtime_combos(self) -> list[ComboModel]:
         """Build the combo matrix from the effective switch axis sizes."""
         return self.build_full_combos(self.input_switch.positions, self.output_switch.positions)
@@ -477,7 +508,7 @@ class RunConfigModel:
         self.output_switch.driver_mode = "mock"
         self.output_switch.driver = self.output_switch.driver or "h7992"
         self.output_switch.radar_port = 1
-        self.output_switch.positions = out_physical * self.MULTI_DEVICE_OUTPUT_POSITIONS
+        self.output_switch.positions = out_physical * self.matrix_virtual_output_positions
         self.output_switch.default_position = 0
 
         self.input_switch.name = self.input_switch.name or "virtual_input"

python_app/tests/test_librevna_multidevice.py

@@ -21,15 +21,26 @@ from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.cycle_collection impo
     _CrossDeviceCycleSynchronizer,
     _expected_sweep_cycle_seconds,
     _is_transient_collection_error,
+    build_forward_s_parameter_names,
     calculate_last_cycle_s_parameters,
 )
 from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.exceptions import TransientCollectionError
-from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.models import normalize_master_stimulus_ports
+from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.models import (
-from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.protocol import parse_vna_datapoint_payload
+    SweepConfiguration,
+    build_output_channels,
+    normalize_master_stimulus_ports,
+)
+from python_app.hardware_full.librevna_multi_device_driver.protocol import (
+    DISABLED_PORT_STAGE,
+    build_sweep_settings_payload,
+    parse_vna_datapoint_payload,
+)
 from python_app.hardware_full.multi_device_service import (
     _MAX_TRANSIENT_COLLECTION_RETRIES,
     MultiDeviceLibreVnaService,
+    _build_s_parameter_layout,
 )
+from python_app.models.run_config_model import RadarSweepModel
 
 
 def _control_frame(packet_type: NativePacketType, payload: bytes) -> bytes:
@@ -372,5 +383,135 @@ class TransientRetryTierTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(service.collection_calls, 1)  # fatal escalates immediately, no in-place retry
 
 
+class PerPointStimulusSwitchingTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Per-point stimulus switching: one output per (master port, switch position).
+
+    Without hardware these pin the contract the modified master bitstream and the
+    trigger-loop switch controller have to agree with.
+    """
+
+    def test_disabled_switching_keeps_the_stock_layout(self) -> None:
+        channels = build_output_channels((1, 2), 1)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(c.index, c.stimulus_port, c.stage_index) for c in channels],
+            [(0, 1, 0), (1, 2, 1)],
+        )
+
+    def test_two_positions_give_four_outputs(self) -> None:
+        channels = build_output_channels((1, 2), 2)
+        # Outputs are switch-position-major, so outputs 0/1 stay exactly what they are
+        # without switching; stages are port-major, matching the bitstream taking the
+        # port from the stage counter's UPPER bits.
+        self.assertEqual(
+            [(c.index, c.stimulus_port, c.stage_index) for c in channels],
+            [(0, 1, 0), (1, 2, 2), (2, 1, 1), (3, 2, 3)],
+        )
+
+    def test_switch_position_is_the_low_stage_bit(self) -> None:
+        # This is what lets the controller just invert its pin on every trigger cycle
+        # instead of tracking an absolute stage number.
+        channels = build_output_channels((1, 2), 2)
+        for channel in channels:
+            expected_position = channel.index // 2  # switch-position-major output order
+            self.assertEqual(channel.stage_index & 1, expected_position)
+
+    def test_stage_budget_is_enforced(self) -> None:
+        build_output_channels((1, 2), 4)  # 8 stages exactly fits
+        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+            build_output_channels((1, 2), 8)  # 16 stages does not
+        for bad in (0, 3, -1):
+            with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
+                build_output_channels((1, 2), bad)
+
+    def test_trace_names_do_not_collide_and_stay_stable(self) -> None:
+        two_output_names = build_forward_s_parameter_names(2, build_output_channels((1, 2), 1))
+        self.assertEqual(
+            two_output_names,
+            ["S11", "S31", "S41", "S51", "S61", "S22", "S32", "S42", "S52", "S62"],
+        )
+        four_output_names = build_forward_s_parameter_names(2, build_output_channels((1, 2), 2))
+        # Receivers move to ports 5..8 so no forward term can be named like a
+        # reflection (a fixed base of 3 would make receiver 3 <- output 3 collide
+        # with the reflection of output 3).
+        self.assertEqual(len(four_output_names), len(set(four_output_names)))
+        self.assertEqual(len(four_output_names), 4 * 5)
+        for reflection in ("S11", "S22", "S33", "S44"):
+            self.assertIn(reflection, four_output_names)
+
+    def test_service_and_collector_agree_on_trace_names(self) -> None:
+        # The service looks these up by name in whatever the collector produced, so a
+        # silent divergence would surface only as a missing-trace failure on hardware.
+        for substage_count in (1, 2):
+            channels = build_output_channels((1, 2), substage_count)
+            produced = {name.lower() for name in build_forward_s_parameter_names(2, channels)}
+            forward_by_output, reflection_by_output = _build_s_parameter_layout(
+                len(channels), slave_count=2
+            )
+            requested = set(reflection_by_output.values())
+            for names in forward_by_output.values():
+                requested.update(names)
+            self.assertEqual(requested, produced, msg=f"substages={substage_count}")
+
+    def test_sweep_settings_carry_stages_and_substage_width(self) -> None:
+        configuration = SweepConfiguration(
+            start_hz=1_000_000, stop_hz=2_000_000, points=101, if_bandwidth=1000, power_dbm=-10.0
+        )
+        master = build_sweep_settings_payload(
+            configuration,
+            is_synchronization_master=True,
+            synchronization_enabled=True,
+            master_stimulus_ports=(1, 2),
+            switch_substage_count=2,
+        )
+        stage_word = struct.unpack_from("<H", master, 25)[0]
+        self.assertEqual(stage_word & 0x07, 3)            # 4 stages -> last index 3
+        self.assertEqual((stage_word >> 3) & 0x07, 0)     # port 1 selected by upper stage bits 0
+        self.assertEqual((stage_word >> 6) & 0x07, 1)     # port 2 -> 1
+        self.assertEqual((stage_word >> 9) & 0x07, 1)     # log2(2 positions) = 1 substage bit
+
+        slave = build_sweep_settings_payload(
+            configuration,
+            is_synchronization_master=False,
+            synchronization_enabled=True,
+            master_stimulus_ports=(1, 2),
+            switch_substage_count=2,
+        )
+        slave_stage_word = struct.unpack_from("<H", slave, 25)[0]
+        self.assertEqual(slave_stage_word & 0x07, 3)      # same stage count as the master
+        # Receivers must never excite. The stock "one past the last stage" sentinel is
+        # unusable once the port comes from the upper stage bits, so both ports are
+        # parked at the explicit disabled value instead.
+        self.assertEqual((slave_stage_word >> 3) & 0x07, DISABLED_PORT_STAGE)
+        self.assertEqual((slave_stage_word >> 6) & 0x07, DISABLED_PORT_STAGE)
+
+    def test_disabled_switching_sends_the_stock_stage_word(self) -> None:
+        configuration = SweepConfiguration(
+            start_hz=1_000_000, stop_hz=2_000_000, points=101, if_bandwidth=1000, power_dbm=-10.0
+        )
+        payload = build_sweep_settings_payload(
+            configuration,
+            is_synchronization_master=True,
+            synchronization_enabled=True,
+            master_stimulus_ports=(1, 2),
+        )
+        stage_word = struct.unpack_from("<H", payload, 25)[0]
+        self.assertEqual(stage_word & 0x07, 1)            # 2 stages
+        self.assertEqual((stage_word >> 3) & 0x07, 0)
+        self.assertEqual((stage_word >> 6) & 0x07, 1)
+        self.assertEqual((stage_word >> 9) & 0x07, 0)     # no substage bits -> stock bitstream
+
+    def test_service_reports_four_outputs_when_switching(self) -> None:
+        service = MultiDeviceLibreVnaService(
+            master_serial="M", slave_serials=["A", "B"], backend_mode="mock", switch_substage_count=2
+        )
+        self.assertEqual(service.output_position_count, 4)
+        service.configure(RadarSweepModel(start_hz=1e6, stop_hz=2e6, points=4, if_bandwidth_hz=1e3))
+        collection = service.acquire_collection(collection_id=1)
+        self.assertEqual(len(collection.traces), 4 * 4)
+        self.assertEqual(
+            sorted({trace.combo.output for trace in collection.traces}), [0, 1, 2, 3]
+        )
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()

python_app/tests/test_switched_matrix_capture.py

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ from unittest import mock
 
 import numpy as np
 
+from python_app.hardware_full.matrix_radar_service import create_matrix_radar_service
 from python_app.hardware_full.multi_device_service import MultiDeviceLibreVnaService
 from python_app.hardware_full.switched_matrix_radar_service import SwitchedMatrixRadarService
 from python_app.models.dataset_model import ComboKey, SweepCollection, TraceData
@@ -213,5 +214,40 @@ class ManualComboCaptureUsesTargetedAcquisitionTest(unittest.TestCase):
         self.assertEqual(inner_acquire.call_count, 2)
 
 
+class PerPointStimulusSwitchingConfigTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    """Per-point stimulus switching widens the matrix without a host-driven switch."""
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _config(stimulus_switch_positions: int) -> RunConfigModel:
+        config = RunConfigModel()
+        config.radar.model = RunConfigModel.LIBREVNA_MULTI_MODEL
+        config.radar.driver_mode = "mock"
+        config.radar.multi_device.slave_serials = ["SLAVE_A", "SLAVE_B"]
+        config.radar.multi_device.stimulus_switch_positions = stimulus_switch_positions
+        config.apply_device_model_constraints()
+        return config
+
+    def test_two_positions_double_the_output_axis(self) -> None:
+        config = self._config(2)
+        self.assertEqual(config.matrix_virtual_output_positions, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(config.output_switch.positions, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(config.input_switch.positions, 4)
+        self.assertEqual(len(config.combos), 16)
+
+    def test_host_does_not_drive_any_switch(self) -> None:
+        # The switch is stepped by the controller in the hardware trigger loop, so the
+        # host must acquire the whole 4x4 matrix in ONE sweep and never wrap the
+        # service in the sweep-per-step widener.
+        service = create_matrix_radar_service(self._config(2))
+        self.assertIsInstance(service, MultiDeviceLibreVnaService)
+        self.assertNotIsInstance(service, SwitchedMatrixRadarService)
+        self.assertEqual(service.output_position_count, 4)
+
+    def test_disabled_switching_keeps_the_two_output_matrix(self) -> None:
+        config = self._config(1)
+        self.assertEqual(config.matrix_virtual_output_positions, 2)
+        self.assertEqual(len(config.combos), 8)
+
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     unittest.main()