usb connection improved

README.md

@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ source .venv/bin/activate
 python3 -m laser_control.gui.main
 ```
 
-Автоподключение использует первый доступный USB UART-порт.
+Автоподключение перебирает доступные UART-порты и выбирает тот, где отвечает прошивка платы.
 При подключении приложение только читает текущее состояние и телеметрию, без автоприменения ручных параметров.
 Совместимый launcher `_device_main.py` сохранён, но он только проксирует запуск в новый PyQt entrypoint.
 

laser_control/protocol.py

@@ -427,8 +427,8 @@ class Protocol:
             )
 
         words = _unpack_words(data)
-        expected_crc = _payload_checksum(list(words[1:14]))
+        if not Protocol.has_valid_response_crc(data):
-        if words[14] != expected_crc:
+            expected_crc = _payload_checksum(list(words[1:14]))
             raise CRCError(expected=expected_crc, received=words[14])
 
         return Measurements(
@@ -448,6 +448,15 @@ class Protocol:
             timestamp=datetime.now(),
         )
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def has_valid_response_crc(data: bytes) -> bool:
+        """Return True when a telemetry frame has the expected length and CRC."""
+        if len(data) != GET_DATA_TOTAL_LENGTH:
+            return False
+        words = _unpack_words(data)
+        expected_crc = _payload_checksum(list(words[1:14]))
+        return words[14] == expected_crc
+
     @staticmethod
     def decode_status(data: bytes) -> tuple[DeviceState, int]:
         """Decode the two-byte firmware status response into flags and detail."""

laser_control/transport.py

@@ -2,11 +2,37 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import logging
+import re
+import time
+
 import serial
 import serial.tools.list_ports
 
-from .constants import BAUDRATE, SERIAL_TIMEOUT_SEC
+from .constants import (
+    BAUDRATE,
+    GET_DATA_TOTAL_LENGTH,
+    SERIAL_TIMEOUT_SEC,
+    STATUS_RESPONSE_LENGTH,
+    WAIT_AFTER_SEND_SEC,
+)
 from .exceptions import CommunicationError, PortNotFoundError
+from .models import DeviceState
+from .protocol import Protocol
+
+
+logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
+
+_PROBE_ATTEMPTS = 2
+_KNOWN_STATUS_MASK = int(
+    DeviceState.SD_ERROR
+    | DeviceState.UART_ERROR
+    | DeviceState.UART_DECODE_ERROR
+    | DeviceState.TEC1_ERROR
+    | DeviceState.TEC2_ERROR
+    | DeviceState.DEFAULT_ERROR
+    | DeviceState.AD9102_ERROR
+)
 
 
 class SerialTransport:
@@ -35,17 +61,18 @@ class SerialTransport:
         return self._serial is not None and self._serial.is_open
 
     def connect(self) -> None:
-        """Open the serial port, auto-detecting the first USB port when needed."""
+        """Open the serial port, auto-detecting the responding board when needed."""
-        port = self._requested_port or self._detect_port()
+        if self._requested_port is None:
+            self._active_port, self._serial = self._detect_and_open_port()
+            return
+
         try:
-            self._serial = serial.Serial(
+            self._serial = self._open_serial(self._requested_port)
-                port=port,
-                baudrate=self._baudrate,
-                timeout=self._timeout,
-            )
         except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
-            raise CommunicationError(f"Cannot connect to port '{port}': {exc}") from exc
+            raise CommunicationError(
-        self._active_port = port
+                f"Cannot connect to port '{self._requested_port}': {exc}"
+            ) from exc
+        self._active_port = self._requested_port
 
     def disconnect(self) -> None:
         """Close the serial port if it is open."""
@@ -67,12 +94,105 @@ class SerialTransport:
         assert self._serial is not None
         return self._serial.read(length)
 
-    def _detect_port(self) -> str:
+    def _open_serial(self, port: str) -> serial.Serial:
-        ports = sorted(serial.tools.list_ports.comports(), key=lambda port: port.device)
+        return serial.Serial(
+            port=port,
+            baudrate=self._baudrate,
+            timeout=self._timeout,
+            write_timeout=self._timeout,
+        )
+
+    def _detect_and_open_port(self) -> tuple[str, serial.Serial]:
+        ports = sorted(serial.tools.list_ports.comports(), key=self._port_sort_key)
         if not ports:
             raise PortNotFoundError()
 
-        usb_ports = [port.device for port in ports if "USB" in port.device.upper()]
+        checked_ports: list[str] = []
-        if usb_ports:
+        for port_info in ports:
-            return usb_ports[0]
+            port = port_info.device
-        return ports[0].device
+            checked_ports.append(port)
+            connection: serial.Serial | None = None
+            matched = False
+            try:
+                connection = self._open_serial(port)
+                matched = self._probe_device(connection)
+                if matched:
+                    return port, connection
+            except Exception as exc:  # noqa: BLE001
+                logger.debug("Serial auto-detect skipped %s: %s", port, exc)
+            finally:
+                if connection is not None and not matched:
+                    connection.close()
+
+        logger.info(
+            "Serial auto-detect found no responding controller; checked ports: %s",
+            ", ".join(checked_ports),
+        )
+        raise PortNotFoundError()
+
+    def _probe_device(self, connection: serial.Serial) -> bool:
+        for _attempt in range(_PROBE_ATTEMPTS):
+            self._reset_buffers(connection)
+            if not self._read_valid_status(connection):
+                continue
+            if self._read_valid_telemetry(connection):
+                return True
+        return False
+
+    def _read_valid_status(self, connection: serial.Serial) -> bool:
+        raw = self._write_and_read(
+            connection,
+            Protocol.encode_state(),
+            STATUS_RESPONSE_LENGTH,
+        )
+        if len(raw) != STATUS_RESPONSE_LENGTH:
+            return False
+
+        state, _detail = Protocol.decode_status(raw)
+        return (int(state) & ~_KNOWN_STATUS_MASK) == 0
+
+    def _read_valid_telemetry(self, connection: serial.Serial) -> bool:
+        raw = self._write_and_read(
+            connection,
+            Protocol.encode_trans_enable(),
+            GET_DATA_TOTAL_LENGTH,
+        )
+        return Protocol.has_valid_response_crc(raw)
+
+    def _write_and_read(
+        self,
+        connection: serial.Serial,
+        command: bytes,
+        response_length: int,
+    ) -> bytes:
+        connection.write(command)
+        connection.flush()
+        time.sleep(WAIT_AFTER_SEND_SEC)
+        return connection.read(response_length)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _reset_buffers(connection: serial.Serial) -> None:
+        connection.reset_input_buffer()
+        connection.reset_output_buffer()
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _port_sort_key(port_info) -> tuple[int, list[int | str]]:
+        text = " ".join(
+            str(value or "")
+            for value in (
+                port_info.device,
+                getattr(port_info, "description", ""),
+                getattr(port_info, "hwid", ""),
+                getattr(port_info, "manufacturer", ""),
+                getattr(port_info, "product", ""),
+            )
+        ).upper()
+        priority = 0 if "USB" in text or getattr(port_info, "vid", None) is not None else 1
+        return priority, SerialTransport._natural_key(port_info.device)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _natural_key(value: str) -> list[int | str]:
+        return [
+            int(part) if part.isdigit() else part.lower()
+            for part in re.split(r"(\d+)", value)
+        ]